Inclusion criteria:
Afghan women aged 18-45 living in Mashhad, Being literate, number of births less than 5, normal delivery, single baby and full-term, healthy, hospitalized in the active phase of labor, hemoglobin above 8, not having a history of mental illness, Not using specific chemical or herbal medicines, no addiction to drugs, alcohol, psychological and tobacco, no history of uterine surgery or caesarean, no use of drug analgesia to reduce labor pain, no severe bleeding in postpartum (bleeding that requires drug therapy or blood transfusion and transfer to the operating room), absence of the complications during labor, baby weight between 2500-4000 g, absence of neonatal complications and no history of allergy to mummy according to the mother of self-report.
Exclusion criteria: