Study aim: Determining the effect of determining the effect of Piracetam compared to placebo in preventing delirium in inpatients admitted to the intensive care unit. Design: Clinical trial with a control group, with parallel groups, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 on 80 patients. Settings and conduct: The intervention will start from the moment the patient is admitted to the intensive care unit. Piracetam or placebo tablets are kept in a coded sealed envelope. After randomizing the patients, each package will be randomly opened in front of the patient. The patients, the person providing the treatment, and the person responsible for the statistical analysis are not aware of the contents of the package (blinded). Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Medical ICU patients, aged between 18 and 80 years, with the condition of consent to participate in the plan. Pregnant patients, burn cases and special surgical care, COVID19 patients are not eligible. Intervention groups: Patients in the Piracetam group (intervention) will receive 800 mg orally every 8 hours for 7 days. Patients in the control group (placebo) will receive a placebo pill every 8 hours for 7 days. Main outcome variables: The primary outcome includes: the effect of the drug on the occurrence of delirium, which is measured through daily evaluation via confusion assessment method (CAM-ICU).

Study aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with elastic bands on body composition, physical performance factors and muscle mass with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in employees of Baqiyatullah University of Medical Sciences (AJ). Design: pre-test + elastic band exercise intervention + post-test A sample size of 15 to 20 subjects will be calculated using G*Power 3.1 with a current power of 0.80, α = 0.05 and an effect size (ES) of 0.30 based on the procedures proposed by Beck (2013). Settings and conduct: location of the study: Gymnasium and Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Methods and procedures: The exercise intervention consisted of an 8-week progressive exercise program with elastic bands for the upper and lower body. The sessions were 3 sessions per week with elastic bands (Saturdays, Mondays, and Wednesdays) consisting of four exercises for the upper body and four exercises for the lower body. The elastic bands (Thera-Bands) consisted of four latex bands with different elasticity. In the pre- and post-intervention phase, physical fitness tests (strength and endurance assessment), Vo2max, MRI, and 6-minute walk test were obtained and recorded. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Entry requirements: No underlying disease Age range 40 to 65 years (median age based on studies) Full-time employee of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences No contraindications for MRI Intervention groups: The main intervention of the present study was 8 weeks of resistance exercise training with elastic bands. Main outcome variables: The main consequence of delayed onset muscle soreness after exercise is in the initial sessions, which resolves as the body adapts and continues training.

, exclusion criteria include infectious diseases such as influenza and covid-19, non-participation in

be conducted at Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute; COVID-19 screening,dietary assessing, blood

Study aim: Comparison of the effect of probiotic yogurt with its supplementation on cognitive function, cortisol and serum superoxide dismutase in patients with T2 diabetes Design: A controlled, parallel, double-blind, randomized, phase 3 clinical trial with a factorial group of 111 patients. The online site (www.sealedenvelope.com) was used for randomization Settings and conduct: Patients from endocrinology, internal medicine, and nutrition clinics located in Sari will be included. Participants will not consume any probiotic dairy products for two weeks and will receive intervention for 12 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, general characteristics, food intake, physical activity, and cognitive function with Mini-cog and color and word Stroop will be collected and evaluated. Cortisol and serum SOD will be measured. Participants, outcomes evaluation researchers, and technicians will not be informed about the intervention type. Normal and probiotic yogurt packages, supplements, and placebos will be prepared similarly to each other. A non-researcher will code them. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: T2 diabetes (at least two years); Hb-A1c equal to and less than 8.5; 50 to 69 years of age; Body mass index equal to and greater than 25 to 40; Blood pressure under control (<140/90 mmHg) in the last two months; The score of a brief cognitive screening test (Mini-Cog) ≤ 2; Daily consumption of yogurt at least one serving; Education level of at least five classes Exclusion criteria: Some of immunodeficiency; kidney; lung; digestive; thyroid diseases, and etc Intervention groups: Group 1: a probiotic supplement capsule + 200 grams of regular yogurt per day Group 2: 200 grams of probiotic yogurt + a placebo capsule per day Group 3: a placebo capsule + 200 grams of regular yogurt per day Main outcome variables: Mini-cog test score; Color and word Stroop; Cortisol; Superoxide dismutase

Study aim: comparison the effect and durability of corrective exercises and manual therapy focused on the back and hip on disability, function, pressure pain, pain mapping, health status and psychological status of the elderly with chronic back and hip pain. Design: Clinical trial with three training groups, with parallel groups, randomized, single-blind, phase 2 on 75 patients. Blocking and using the site will be used for randomization. Settings and conduct: This study will be conducted in Iran, Tehran city, Kahrizak Central Hospital. Assessors and data analysts will be blinded to the participants in each group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion Criteria: men and women 60 to 85 years old with back and leg pain for more than three months and hip rotation strength less than 0.26. Exclusion criteria: hip fracture, repair or replacement. Spine injuries except for osteoarthritis and spinal canal stenosis and severe movement disorder Intervention groups: Rehabilitation intervention on the pelvis consists of fundamental lumbar spine-guiding techniques with hip-focused rehabilitation procedures. Spine-focused rehabilitation intervention: It is a comprehensive rehabilitation program of the lumbar spine. Rehabilitation intervention focused on the pelvis and spine: exercises from both exercise groups are included in this rehabilitation intervention for the pelvis and spine. For eight weeks, every workout lasts one hour, twice a week. Main outcome variables: Disability and performance

Study aim: Multidimensional comparison of immediate effect of semi-occluded vocal tract exercises and symptomatic voice therapy on vocal function of individuals with vocal fatigue Design: A clinical trial with two parallel treatment groups, single blinded , randomized with a stratified randomization, is performed on 30 patients. Settings and conduct: The study is conducted in Tehran, with a randomized clinical trial method in two treatment groups in parallel. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Final year students of speech therapy and speech and language pathologists suffering from voice fatigue according to the Persian Voice Fatigue Index, in the age range of 21 to 45 years, without neurological problems, without a history of voice therapy and professional voice training, without a history of head and neck surgery and the use of psychiatric drugs, without the presence of reflux Intervention groups: We will have two treatment groups, including the symptomatic voice therapy group and semi occluded vocal tract exercises. Each group will be provided with 4 therapeutic techniques with the corresponding approach, and acoustic, auditory perceptual, aerodynamic, and voice self-evaluation assessments will be performed before and after the treatment. The duration of this intervention lasts 40 minutes. Four therapeutic techniques in the group of semi occluded vocal tract exercises include straw phonation in water, hand over mouth, lip trill and tongue trill, and 4 techniques in the symptomatic relaxation group include yawn-sigh, chewing, vocal fry, and focus. Main outcome variables: jitter; shimmer; Harmonic to Noise Ratio (HNR); Cepstral Peak Prominance (CPP); Cepstral Peak Prominance Smoothed (CPPS); Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI); maximum phonation time (MPT); vocalself-assessment; The overall severity of the voice disorder

Study aim: Determining the effect of PFCC education to health care provider based on meaningful learning theory on caregiver burden and self-efficacy in the parents of hospitalized children Design: A before and after semi-experimental study with simultaneous and unequal control group on 30 parents of hospitalized children in each control and intervention group Settings and conduct: The study will be performed in two hospitals Pediatric Medical Center and Mofid. Research samples will be parents of children with chronic diseases in two gastrointestinal sections of both hospitals. In both sections, the questionnaire "Parent Participation Attitude Scale" will be completed. Also, sampling of parents will be done consecutively until the sample size is reached. Care burden and self-efficacy questionnaires will be completed by parents. Then, health care of the intervention group will be trained in PFCC care training program based on the theory of meaningful learning in 5 sessions. The questionnaire will be completed again two months after the last staff training sessions. Care burden and self-efficacy questionnaires will be completed by re-sampling 30 parents. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Having a child hospitalized because of chronic illness; Having a child hospitalized more than twice because of chronic illness; No parents or other family members have a chronic illness; The mother is not the head of the family. Exclusion criteria: There is no criteria. Intervention groups: PFCC training based on the theory of meaningful learning will be provided to the health care of intervention group. In this study, parents will be examined for care burden, self-efficacy, PFCC perception, and staff for attitudes toward parental participation. Main outcome variables: Care burden; parental self-efficacy; Parent Participation Attitude; Parental PFCC perception

Study aim: Determining the effect of comprehensive empowerment program on age-related outcomes in older patients with diabetes. Design: A clinical trial, single-blinded, with a control group, of 40 participants in each group, blocking will be implemented for randomization. Settings and conduct: The research environment consists of medical and endocrinology wards and endocrinology and metabolic clinics in educational and medical centers affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and other centers and forums out of the mentioned settings. After introducing the researcher, and the aim of the study to the eligible participants and taking informed consent from them in the research environment, available sampling will be implemented. After selection, they will be randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The Analyser will be blinded to the control and intervention group by giving unidentified codes to each control and intervention group. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Being diagnosed of diabetes for at least one year. Being able to speak Farsi. Being 65 years old and more Mark 5 or more on the constipation assessment scale The older adult or his/her crucial caregiver can access and use electronic devices to connect to the web, watch videos and read text. Intervention groups: The intervention group will receive the empowerment program which consists of the physical aspect (knowing about the disease, monitoring signs and symptoms, constipation management, and the importance of compliance to the therapy), psycho-social aspect (stress management and relaxation methods), and spiritual aspect. Main outcome variables: Constipation; blood pressure; glycosylated hemoglobin; active aging; poly-pharmacy; health costs

Study aim: Determining the effect of teaching ethical principles in narrative and peer education on sensitivity and moral courage of emergency nurses in selected military hospitals in Kermanshah Design: This study is a controlled clinical trial research that will be conducted using a pretest-post test design with a control group of parallel groups. It has been randomized by throwing dice. The number of samples according to the standard deviation and average of the previous study and with 95% confidence and 90% test power are estimated to be 13 people in each group and 39 people in total. Settings and conduct: Ethical principles will be taught to the emergency department nurses of Kermanshah military hospitals, who will be divided into two test groups 1 and 2 and a control group by using two methods of peer training and storytelling. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Have at least a bachelor's degree in nursing؛ At least one year of experience in the emergency department Exclusion criteria: Unwillingness to participate in further study Intervention groups: For the experimental group 1 six 45-minute sessions of counseling in a suitable and comfortable environment in the research environment are taught by the researcher.Also, in the experimental group 2 in order to provide the necessary training for the participants of the group will be held virtually, the training will be presented in six 45-minute sessions in the Sky room software space so that the members of the group have enough opportunity to receive, discuss and exchange information and at the end of the meetings will be summed up and the correct answers will be provided to the participants. After completing the study, an educational CD containing the content of ethical education presented to the experimental groups will be donated to the control group. Main outcome variables: moral sensitivity ؛ moral courage

of covid-19 diagnosed with symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in Shiraz city. Inclusion

Study aim: Determining and comparing the effect of Auriculotherapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction counseling on pregnancy nausea and vomiting in pregnant women Design: Clinical trial has control group, with parallel groups, one-blind, randomized, phase 2 on 159 patients. Used to randomization of R software. Settings and conduct: After receiving a research license, the researcher learns the skills before starting the uricolotherapy, and after obtaining a degree and approval of the jurisdiction by the relevant specialist, it will begin to pregnant women referring to the clinics of the city of Lar. in the field of consultation and coordination Astadmshavr after offering them counseling sessions start Shvd.mtalh clinical trial is randomized. For blindness, the statistical advisor is unaware of what individuals belong. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 1. Having a gestational age of 6-16 weeks on the first day of the last menstrual period 2. Mild or moderate vomiting nausea based on Rhodes index (score 8-24) 3. Dealing with complete physical and mental health (absence of gastrointestinal, heart or other underlying diseases) 4. Literacy to the extent of reading and writing 5. Having a single, normal, live, uncomplicated pregnancy and maintaining it until the end of the study 6. Women in the age range of 18 to 35 years 7. Willingness to participate in the study 8. Are you taking nausea and taking medications that may have side effects? Such as: metronidazole 9. Mole pregnancy is ruled out by ultrasound Intervention groups: Three groups of 53 people are subjected to 15% drop in each group. Control group - Intervention with Auriculotherapy, Advisory intervention group with a stress-based stress approach Main outcome variables: Reduce nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

Study aim: Determining the effect of home-based (HPT) and outdoor (OPT) Pilates training on 1. Improvement of Neurofilament Light Chain 2- Improvement of the Kynurenine pathway 3- Improvement of vitamin D 4- Improvement of physical function 5- Improvement of mental function In women with MS Design: A clinical trial with the control group, with parallel groups, double-blind, phase 2 on 44 patients. Excel software rand function was used for randomization. Settings and conduct: First, 44 people selected from all women with multiple sclerosis in Fasa and divided into three groups. The written consent was received from the subjects based on their voluntary and conscious participation in the training sessions. Before starting the training, two or three sessions of introduction, information about the benefits and possible side effects, as well as how to participate for patients and the required factors (height, weight, BMI, etc.) are measured. Anthropometric characteristics of . Also, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, agility and muscle strength, and fatigue, quality of life and depression, as well as blood indicators including Nfl, Kynp And serum vitamin D were measured before and after eight weeks of fasting exercise. The place of blood sampling and analysis of the results were Fasa Medical Sciences Laboratory. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Admission requirements include no smoking, no regular exerciseو at least two years of history Exclusion criteria include muscle injuries, severe recurrence of the disease, inability to perform the exercise Intervention groups: Intervention group 1: 8 weeks of home-based and outdoor Pilates training (3 sessions per week, 1hour each session) Control group: did not do any regular exercise for eight weeks and remained sedentary. Main outcome variables: Neurofilament light chain, Kynurenine pathway, serum Vitamin D, functional ability

Study aim: Evaluating the effect of inorganic nitrate supplementation with or without physical activity on micro- and macro-vascular status of men with metabolic syndrome Design: A single center, concealed, randomised, non-blinded, no placebo, controlled trial will be conducted based on parallel group design of 60 participants (15 in each group). Settings and conduct: Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, CRP, blood pressure, physical fitness test, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and capilaroscopy will be performed at baseline and at the end of study. IPAQ, Vo2Max and 24-hour urine nitrate will be evaluated at baseline. Height, weight, waist circumference, bioelectric impedance analysis, serum nitrate, 3-day diet recall, step test, and blood pressure will be evaluated weekly. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Willingness to participate in the study, male gender, age >18 till 40 years old, metabolic syndrome diagnosis based on IDF criteria, light to moderate physical activity level based on IPAQ Non-inclusion criteria: Chronic diseases (Diabetes, heart failure), rheumatologic or articular disorders that prevent exercise performance, underlying diseases (Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease), hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia exclusion criteria: Consuming medications that affect metabolic syndrome (chemotherapy, corticosteroids), cancer, physical disability, mental or psychological disorders that prevent exercise performance Intervention groups: Intervention groups will receive either beetroot extract (30% ADI divided dose twice/week), exercise intervention (high intensity interval training), or combined beetroot extract and exercise and the control group will receive general instruction on healthy lifestyle for 4 weeks. All participants will be instructed to limit the intake of dietary sources of inorganic nitrate. Main outcome variables: PWV, nail fold capillaroscopy

Study aim: Determining the effect of counseling with a positive approach on sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction of women of childbearing age in the COVID-19 pandemic Design: A single blind RCT study on 72 women of childbearing age (36 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group) in

related to the prevalence of Covid-19 virus, all steps were performed in absentia and using AnyDesk

, they will receive 7 sessions of 45-minute (2 sessions per week) individually according to the Covid-19

Study aim: to determine amount of effectiveness of Low load exercise with Blood Flow Restriction exercises on strength of stabilizer muscle of scapula and thickness and strength of supraspinatus muscle Design: A concealed ,randomized, blinded , sham controlled clinical trial with parallel group design of 30 patient . The randomization sequence carried out with envelop Settings and conduct: Subject: The effect of exercise therapy with Blood Flow Restriction on supraspinatus tendinopathy Location: Rehabilitation School Laboratory How to do the study: 1 - Check the entry conditions 2 - Patients enter the control and intervention group based on the envelope method 3- Determining the following items in the first session 1- Strength of middle and lower trapezius muscles and serratus anterior and supraspinatus using fixed dynamometer 2- Supraspinatus muscle thickness using ultrasound device 3- The threshold of compressive pain in the middle of the supraspinatus and deltoid bulk 4- The amount of 1RM using Brzycki formula and calculating 15 to 40% of it 5- Cuff pressure based on 50-80% of Limb Occlusion Pressure Exercise therapy protocol: 4 weeks (three days a week) Blinding method: Researcher blinding: Using another therapist Patient blinding: Using the same cuff with minimal pressure After 4 weeks, the evaluations of the first session are repeated. Determining the amount of pain in each session based on Pain Numeric scale Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria are patient with history of shoulder pain with age limit 30-65 & exclusion criteria are all factors that Blood Flow Restriction is contraindicated for them Intervention groups: The intervention in intervention group is low load exercises with Blood Flow Restriction and the intervention in control group is low load exercises Main outcome variables: changes in muscle strength and thickness , pain

Study aim: To assess the effects of synbiotics supplementation and anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet on the inflammatory marker and clinical manifestations in patients with progressive forms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Design: A randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial with two-arm parallel groups on 70 eligible patients (n of intevention= 35; n of control= 35). Settings and conduct: The present study will be conducted in Isfahan MS center. An anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet, based on Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), co-intervented by synbiotic supplement will be prescribed for 4 months. The severity of clinical manifestations and the fecal level of calprotectin will be measured before and after the intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: progressive MS patients (diagnosed by a neurologist according to expanded disability status scale) who agree to participate in the study, aged between 20-60 years old. Exclusion criteria: non-compliance with diets and supplements (adherence less than 80%), participation in the other clinical trials, the occurrence of acute medical conditions 6 months before and during the study period. Intervention groups: Intervention group 1: synbiotic supplement (one capsule contains lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus bulgaricus, bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium infantis, bifidobacterium longum, streptococcus thermophilus) in dose of 4.5* 10^11 per day and fructooligosaccharide 100 mg plus anti-inflammatory-antioxidant-rich diet. Intervention group 2: placebo capsule (contains starch) plus dietary recommendations. Main outcome variables: DII; ORAC; fecal calprotectin; quality of life; fatigue; pain; disease activity; visual impairment; depression; anxiety; anthropometric indices

Study aim: The effectiveness of occupational performance coaching intervention on self-care behaviors, participation and depression of heart failure patients Design: Randomized trial with control group, with parallel group, randomized, single blind, in 40 HF patient, Web-based block randomization Settings and conduct: After receive the ethics code, sampling and intervention will be performed in Hospital. After referring the patients and sign a consent form and confirm with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the assessments will be done by a blind research assistant . All assessments will be repeated the end of intervention and one month after that. Both groups will receive standard self-care training at Tehran Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital. The intervention group will also receive occupational performance coaching intervention. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Heart failure(HF) patient aged 18 to 65 who are literate. with HF levels 1, 2 and 3 based on the NYHA classification system.left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% . Having mild or moderate depression, good cognitive function. scoring less than 70 in the self-care of HF index. Exclusion criteria: receiving other occupational therapy services,severe depression، having vision and hearing problems, living in care institutions, having unstable angina or high blood pressure, having psychiatric treatment and any neurological and psychological disorders, hospitalization and infection with COVID19 virus at the time of intervention. Intervention groups: Intervention group: in additional to usual care, this group will receive occupational performance coaching. This intervention will be done to achieve the client's goals in 8 sessions for 1 hour maximum. Control group: received the standard self-care criteria of Tehran Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital Main outcome variables: Self-care behavior, Participation

Study aim: The effect of Remote Group intervention on sexual health literacy, sexual function, sexual self-efficacy and quality of sexual life of women in reproductive age:A randomized clinical trial study Design: This research is a randomized clinical trial with two groups; intervention and control. Sampling will be conducted by block design (with block size of 4) random allocation Settings and conduct: Women of reproductive age from health centers in Amol city will be selected randomized in intervention and control groups and The content of the intervention will be taught offline mode by using WhatsApp. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: 1-Iranian originality,2- reading and writing literacy,3- marriage , 4-Not having physical or mental diseases affecting sexual health of the woman or her husband, 5-Not having critical marital conflicts or not being on the verge of divorce 6-Not previous participation in Sex education classes 7-Willingness to attend all meetings 8-to cross At least one year of living together9- Not infection to Known sexual dysfunction like Vaginismus 10- not being pregnant and Menopause 11- Do not consume of Cigarettes, Alcohol and no addiction in woman or her husband12-Do not take any Psychotropic or psychoactive drug or Drugs affecting the sexual response cycle during intervention by woman or her husband 13- Having a mobile phone with Android system 14-Access to internet Intervention groups: The intervention group, will have access to the Content of the intervention as offline mode for 8 weeks, and during this time, in online and offline peer's Whatsapp group, the content of the intervention will be analyzed Weekly by researcher for further training and the asked question in the groupfor further training . Main outcome variables: sexual health literacy; Qualiry of sexual life; sexual self efficacy; sexual function

Study aim: Investigating the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) on the swallowing function of the patients with post–stroke dysphagia Design: A double blinded concealed clinical trial, parallel group, randomized, with 48 participants and control group. Settings and conduct: The study will be conducted in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences hospitals. Stroke patients will be screened and assessed and will put into control or experimental group. They will get intervention for 5 sessions and will be assessed one day after the last day of intervention and one month later. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria: Age 18 or over.Presence of ischemic stroke confirmed with brain imaging. having dysphagia according to Northwestern Dysphagia Patient Checksheet Screening tool (NDPCS). Exclusion criteria: Hemorrhagic or Lacunar stroke.Previous history of dysphagia. Presence of neurological disorders other than stroke or neurodegenerative disorders.Auditory and Visual Condition interfering with a speech therapist or assessor orTDCS technician s instruction. History of seizures. Those with a cardiac pacemaker or metallic implants. Previous history of skull surgery or current need of skull surgery. Presence of a tracheal cannula. Unstable medical condition which can interfere with the study process (such as hemodynamic instability, decreased level of consciousness, etc.) Inability to stay alert during the treatment. For the safety of both patients and the research group, none of the patients recruited for the study had active SARS-COV-2 infections or a history of infection in the last 14 days. Intervention groups: The experimental group will receive both behavioral treatment and TDCS. The control group will receive the behavioral treatment and the sham TDCS Main outcome variables: The functional oral intake; dysphagia severity; aspiration severity

sessions. Settings and conduct: The intervention is performed in the patient's house because of COVID-19

been infected with or recovered from COVID-19 but still suffer from its respiratory symptoms, as well

Study aim: Investigating the Impact of Wearing Surgical and N-95 Masks During the Shuttle Run Test on Physiological, Perceptual, and Performance Responses in Healthy Men Design: Fifteen healthy young men completed the shuttle run test in three phases: without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N-95 mask, with one-week intervals between each phase. After each test, physiological variables, perceptual variables, and performance variables were measured. Settings and conduct: The maximal exercise test, consisting of the 20-meter shuttle run test, was conducted one week after the familiarization phase and on separate days under three conditions: without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N-95 mask. Each condition was performed with one-week intervals, ensuring similar environmental and temporal conditions. Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria: To select participants, an open call was made, inviting eligible individuals to participate in the study. Initially, 27 individuals expressed their willingness to participate. From this group, 15 participants were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included: age between 20-30 years, a body mass index (BMI) of 20-25 kg/m², absence of cardiovascular, metabolic, respiratory, and inflammatory diseases, as well as no regular participation in physical activities or smoking within 6 months prior to the study. Intervention groups: The maximal exercise test included the 20-meter shuttle run test conducted under three conditions: without a mask, with a surgical mask, and with an N-95 mask. Main outcome variables: Oxygen saturation, blood lactate concentration, rate of perceived exertion, maximum oxygen consumption, and the duration of the shuttle run test in healthy men were measured under both mask and no-mask conditions.